[Android] Is there a way to download an eSIM if my camera is broken, I don't have another device, or I couldn't print out the necessary information in time?

Yes.

Tap "Settings" > "Network & internet" > "SIMs" > "Add SIM"
Select "Enter details manually" or "Add manually" or "If you don't have a QR code or are having trouble scanning, try this solution"
Enter details manually →
Copy and paste the [eSIM URL] from the email containing the eSIM QR code
Select "Next" → "Set up" → "Download eSIM" in that order

*Procedures may vary depending on the operating system or device model.